Research Process and Terminology Essay

To be a qualified researcher, they must know different terminologies and the process to become one. There are many of terminologies that a researcher must know to do his/her job. Some of them are the steps in research, the Lucifer effect, informed consent, and shield laws. Knowing the proper terminologies and how they apply to the criminal justice field can help their research in the criminal justice field. Not knowing the proper terms can make their research invalid and produce incorrect information. It is best for researchers to take the proper steps when they conduct their study. The steps in research are problem formulation, research design, data collection methods, analysis and presentations of findings and conclusions. The problem formulation is the particular area that is going to be investigated. The research design is a type of experiment or studies of the group over a period. The data collections methods are the choice of methods that are going to used. The analysis is the summarizing and reporting of the findings. The last step is what the researcher believes the study has to say (Hagen, 2010). The steps in research already apply to the criminal justice field. For example, California wants to know what type of offender goes in and out of prison the most. They would study this over the next five to ten years and come up with robbery offenders tend to come in and out of prison. Not knowing the proper terminology can not only affect the results time wasted on researching the subject matter and taking the incorrect way of doing things. Understanding these terms will assist in analyzing research or data will help out a lot because I would know what each step the researchers did and how they came to his or her conclusion. I would not be lost in translation on what this means or even get confused on why they believe their study has to say. According to the book is a term coined by Zimbardo that refers to the transformation of a good person to engage with evil actions† (Hagen, 2010). Knowing wha t Lucifer effect is applies to the criminal justice field more with psychologist than anyone else. When they profile someone, for example, Ted Bundy, they wanted to know this good person all of a sudden turned evil and started killing women. Psychologists believe that Ted Bundy’s breaking point was when his first love dumped him he dropped out of school moved back home. He later found out that his so called sister was his mother, and his parents were actually his  grandparents; that is where psychologist think he snapped and started killing. Bundy could not accept the lies and was killing his first love because all the victims’ resemble her in a way. This is more of a Lucifer effect because it was not overnight that Bundy started killing, it was more each lie and the more he got hurt he began to transform into a serial killer (Montaldo, n.d.). Not knowing the proper terminology can affect the way a person conducts criminal justice research because not knowing what this term entirely means can make a wrong diagnosis. If a psychologist believed that that the criminal had the Lucifer effect and tried to lower the sentence with the help of the defense council, it can jeopardize the case. Because the Lucifer effect is not recognized as a proper diagnostic. Understanding this term can be an asset in some ways, but I do not think when conducting a study. Zimbardo had to stop his experiment because it became too dangerous (Zimbardo, 2006). To study Bundy’s’ and his actions and publish them they needed his families or his consent to publish their findings. When researching the sponsors require an informed consent from the subjects, so they are aware of the intentions and studies that is being done. An informed consent applies to the criminal justice field because when researching, they need consent from anyone who participates in the study, so the participants know what’s going on and so the researchers can publish their findings without a participant suing them. Not knowing what the term means can affect me in research because I just tell the subjects what I am doing without getting their signatures I can be sued of even worse lose my job. Understanding this term can help me conduct a safe research where the subjects know what is going on and why I am doing the study. By having their signatures saying that I can include them in my research is a benefit because that is just one more thing that is going to either approve or disapprove my hypothesis. When doing the research, researcher need to know that what they find can be protected under shield laws. The book states that shield laws â€Å"constitute a governmental immunity from prosecution and the right to confidentiality for researchers if they are subpoenaed† (Hagen, 2010). Shield laws apply to the criminal justice field because it protects respondents by ensuring that the data provided will not be used to invade their privacy. Not knowing the full terminology of shield law can affect my criminal justice research. For example, if I think that everything in my  research can be used against me I might leave out some information so it will not be used against me. Knowing this term can asset me when I am conducting research because I know that I cannot be prosecuted for my research and even if the courts subpoenaed me I was still protected from giving my field data up, etc. In conclusion, knowing the right meaning of these terminologies can help researcher conduct a more proficient study. That can help the criminal justice field in more in more than one way. Knowing the right process of these terms can help the researchers perform the proper steps to do the research. To make sure that they all have the informed consents from the subjects and to know that they are protected from giving up their data by the shield law. References Hagen, F. (2010). Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Zimbardo, P. (2006, January 1). The Lucifer Effect. Retrieved August 21, 2014. Montaldo, C. (n.d.). Ted Bundy: Profile of a Serial Killer. Retrieved August 21, 2014.

Human †Ultraviolet Essay

After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other.

Macro economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macro economic - Essay Example Any central bank which achieves its inflation objective but damages output in a way unacceptable to the community will not keep its mandate for long. It is the recognition of this point which has produced a voluminous discussion and academic literature, which basically asks the question - central and basic prices (principally wages) will rise faster than this .There is, of course, also the very substantial danger that a rise in non-tradeable prices faster than the target inflation rate will trigger an asset boom, particularly in the classic non-traded asset of real estate property. There is also the issue that, compared with the situation before the capital inflow and appreciation of the exchange rate, interest rates will have to fall: we know that the extra capital inflows are putting on the exchange rate. Following the reasoning I have outlined so far, the proper response to this is to allow the exchange rate to appreciate. To the extent that this is a long-term or structural change, the inflation targeting framework would allow the appreciation to be reflected in inflation, to the extent that it meant that non-traded (domestic) prices would rise faster than the target. On most counts, this is o.k. - it is proper that relative price between tradeables and non-tradeables changes (in order to encourage the current account deficit that is the counterpart of the financial capital inflows). a) i ) The introduction of a lagged output gap in this equation is important for comparing inflation and price-level targeting. Conceptually, the lag will be introduced any time friction prevents instantaneous and complete adjustment of output to unexpected changes in the price level. The second equation explains monetary growth. In other words, what the central bank does. Here, they react to offset the output gap (but with a lag), but they do so imperfectly, John F. Muth (1961)

Comparison between Sultan Saladin and Baibars Essay

Comparison between Sultan Saladin and Baibars - Essay Example Sultan Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin) was the significant leader of the Ayyubid Rule from 1171-1250, and also the first Egyptian leader after the demise of the last Fatimid caliph. The successive period known as the Mamluk Period (1250-1517) was marked by the leadership of Al-Malik Baybars I. Saladin and Baybars are important historic leaders of their time periods and represented intelligently formed armies, great achievements and territorial progressions. Saladin, a Kurd and Baybars, a Turk, were both the famous Muslim leaders of middle Ages who fought valiantly against the crusaders and established glorious Muslim victories in the Middle East. Abu al-Muzaffar Yusuf b. Ayyub known as Salah al-Din which means the Reformer of the Religion was the fundamental founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty. The glorious dynasty ruled over Egypt, upper Iraq, Syria and Yemen for a long period of time. His claim to fame is considered as the capture of Jerusalem from the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187. He also played a crucial role in opposing the crusaders. In his initial years, Saladin was a part of the Syrian military expeditions in Egypt and fought to defend the Fatimid caliphate against the forces of Jerusalem. Saladin came into power and gained prominence when he was appointed as the commander of the Syrian forces. He proclaimed the return of Sunni Islam in 1171. Till 1186, he expanded the Muslim land and combined the lands of Egypt, Syria and Mesopotomia. With unifying major Muslim lands and gaining immense power, Saladin strengthened his grounds for facing the Christian crusaders and their threats (Bowering et al 2013). Saladin was very enthusiastic and religiously motivated while fighting the crusaders to protect the Holy Islamic lands and landmarks. Baha al-Din wrote about Saladin, â€Å"In his love for the Jihad on the path of God he shunned his womenfolk, his children, his homeland, his home and all his pleasures, and for this world he was content to dwell in the shade o f his tent with winds blowing through left and right† Thus, the writer has narrated that Saladin’s goals and desire for success were of utmost importance to him (Nicolle & Dennis 2011). Saladin ruled for twenty four years out of which he spent eight years in Cairo. He established schools, hospitals and improved infrastructure (Asante, 2002). Saladin was remembered even by his enemies because of his honesty, chivalry and generosity. Unlike other Muslim emperors he was not cruel to his subordinates. He altered tax structure in Egypt supported higher education (Frank N Magill, 1998). It was in his reign that he brought the Mamluk Circassians and Turks from the Black Sea region and they were also allowed to own land, raise families and even gain social prominence (Asante, 2002). The main achievement of Saladin was that he won the Battle of Hattin in 1187 and conquered not only Jerusalem but also much of the Crusader kingdom. In 1187, Saladin announced jihad against the Chri stians who had invaded the Middle East. The invasion included attempts to conquer the Holy Land. As commander of the Muslim forces, he gathered the Muslim allies, soundly defeated the Christians and regained rule in the city of Jerusalem. His army expressed acts of chivalry and nobility that were highly appreciated and admired by the enemies themselves and was contrasted with the crusaders; brutality. Saladin signed a peace agreement with the King of

Marketing Strategy for Hair Extensions and Beauty Products Research Paper

Marketing Strategy for Hair Extensions and Beauty Products - Research Paper Example Behavioral segmentation involves observing how customers use products and media, purchasing behavior and ownership. Psychological segmentation involves using the lifestyles of customers, the types of benefits sought by customers and customers’ attitudes and perceptions. We shall use all different attributes from each of the three segmentation bases to help us identify possible target markets. Our approach for doing this will be the breakdown approach which considers the market as consisting of customers that are essentially the same, thus our job would be to identify groups sharing particular differences. Our core products are hair extensions and beauty products. The hair extension products shall be targeted at women whereas the beauty products shall have products targeting both men and women. Targeting both men and women in our beauty products will enable us to use complementarity of our products between the sexes to create a market positioning. The economic environment for o ur targeted customer, in North America and Europe, is still in recovery mode, thus many consumers have low discretionary income. The level of discretionary income affects our products because they do not fall under the essential products category. For this reason we shall target midlife independents (35–54 year olds who are not married and do not live with relations) and unconstrained couples (35–54 year olds who are married but do not live with son/daughter). These two life-stage groups are likely to have a job (in the current low jobs market) and have higher discretionary income because of fewer life-obligations such as not living with relatives, living single or married with two sources of income. Lastly, we cannot ignore the importance of geographic variables on our products. People in different continents tend to have different skin care concerns based on their skin pigmentation and climatic conditions. For example, women leaving in coastal regions will need skin care products with lower moisture content in comparison to their counterparts living in dry, inland areas. Competitors Two of direct competitors are NIVEA by Beiersdorf AG for beauty products and SHE by SO.CAP for hair extensions. NIVEA has a broad and deep product range for both men and women beauty products. It is also a strong and global brand. NIVEA’s product positioning strategy is a mix of both functional and expressive positioning. In its functional positioning strategy NIVEA focuses on use, for example, its sun care range highlights different products that match different needs such as sensitive skin or after the sun. In its expressive positioning strategy NIVEA speaks of its heritage as a symbol of knowledge and experience e.g. on its UK website it says â€Å"NIVEA: 100 years feeling closer†(NIVEA, 2012). NIVEA’s current positioning is delivering a heritage in beauty products in an extensive range of products. SHE by SO.CAP USA, on the other hand, is a subsidiary of the 40 year old Italian Company, SO.CAP. s.r.l (SO.CAP, 2012). SHE is a functionally positioned brand that focuses on the features. For example, it emphasizes the fact that their hair extensions are hand selected and 100% European-type human hair that is pre-bonded with 100% Keratin (SO.CAP, 2012). However, it is not as globally-recognized brand as NIVEA. It promises to deliver to the customer the largest selection of hair types and hair color. According to a research conducted by

Financial Reporting Theory Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Reporting Theory Practice - Essay Example This essay describes the strategic management guidelines of the Morrisons company that have been developed with regard to analysing and writing up this essay. The goal of an essay's analysis is to determine the value of a company as expressed through its choices of strategy and structure. Firstly, the researcher states that such case analysis of a company is critical that it be systematic. The place of financial information is critical in the analysis and presentation of a case study analysis. Awareness of a company’s financial position at a given point in time represents the tangible outcomes of the company’s business strategies and structure. In summary, although Morrisons operated at a profit loss at the mid-way of the financial year for 2006, debt was down, team-work had been enhanced amongst the company, and International Standards for Financial Reporting had been adopted. The massive changes during the financial year, have tapped into environmental opportunities t o be exploited. It is anticipated that revues will increase over the forthcoming year, and future financial terms. It is recommended by the researcher of the essay that Morrisons focus on its alternative fuel sources supply of ethanol. As this leading company sets the standard for other manufacturers it would be in the interest of Morrisons to cultivate its ethanol to increase profits. Also, continued innovation in CSR will ensure Morrisons positive brand image, as well as cut costs in terms of time, money and employee, and of course, environmental impact.

Business Decision Making Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Decision Making Process - Essay Example It is because of this reason that it is often important for the higher management to improve upon the decision making process by learning tools and techniques which contribute towards improving the overall effectiveness of the decisions made. It is important to note that decision making and problem solving are often considered as the same however, there are certain subtle differences which need to be taken into account for decision making and problem solving. It is important to understand that decision making takes place at every level of the organization i.e. from top management of the organization to the operational level and as such magnitude, nature and importance of decision making at each different level differs from each other. This paper will apply the analyses and techniques of business decision making in planning and delivery of the Ashes Test to be played at Cardiff during 2009 providing at least three illustrations or examples. Business decision making process is quite complex process as it draws upon data from different sources and utilizes them in different manner in order to achieve the desired results. In order to make better and more effective decisions, it is therefore important that almost every possible aspect of decision making shall be taken into consideration. Cost and benefit analysis is the major criteria based on which most of the business decisions are made and as such there are different tools and techniques which are used to make decisions more effective. Over the period of time the general theoretical thrust behind the business decision making has been based on finding the quantitative aspects of the decision making whereas on the other hand qualitative aspects of decision making were not taken into consideration. (Baker,1981). This focus on the quantitative aspects of decision making has greatly improved the capability of

Anti-immigration and anti-bilingual education Essay

Anti-immigration and anti-bilingual education - Essay Example From chapter 9, multicultural education refers to the philosophy and the way of looking at the world. This is not limited to the learners or students enrolled at a particular school. It also has a touch on everything like how students relate to teachers and how well and conducive is the environment for the students. However multicultural education doesn’t have a boundary like it can only happen in school since the community or society where the student resides is also considered as part of this philosophy in action. Considering that the product of a multicultural education is a multicultural person, he or she continues to be searching for knowledge and continues to use this process in order for him to participate in the country’s goal for progress. Multicultural education invites a student to not just to think for himself but also for the society where he is. This is the reason why educators, in order for them to help in this multicultural education must consider the im pact of their teachings, their decisions whether the decision is made cumulatively or individually. It should also be considered that with the multicultural education, one of the goals is the critical consciousness of the students which is the start of one’s good path as it leads him to a life with free decisions, meaning he doesn’t forever become a follower of the norms but a critic of it in order for change to occur not just for his own benefit but the benefit of the many. And since long-existing rules.... But with an additional rule of speaking in English because it is a directive only implies no just pressure for the student but also the school's failure and the government's misinterpretation of the real need of students. This also implies that the social structure has already embraced the idea of the "modern" age or the "future" as non-existent without the English language, the very obvious discrimination not just in education but in race as a whole. (2) What is multicultural education Why do we need multicultural education Answer: From chapter 9, multicultural education refers to the philosophy and the way of looking at the world. This is not limited to the learners or students enrolled at a particular school. It also has a touch on everything like how students relate to teachers and how well and conducive is the environment for the students. However multicultural education doesn't have a boundary like it can only happen in school since the community or society where the student resides is also considered as part of this philosophy in action. Considering that the product of a multicultural education is a multicultural person, he or she continues to be searching for knowledge and continues to use this process in order for him to participate in the country's goal for progress. Multicultural education invites a student to not just to think for himself but also for the society where he is. This is the reason why educators, in order for them to help in this multicultural education must consider the impact of their teachings, their decisions whether the decision is made cumulatively or individually. It should also be considered that with the multicultural education, one of the goals is the critical

Pony Trap Essay Example for Free

Pony Trap Essay Susan Hill the creator of the woman in black , successfully creates fear through out her novel. It comes in ebbs and flows by using different techniques throughout to build up the tension. This book is a gothic horror which is a new genre but using the traditional horror aspects, one of the first books in the categories is’ The castle of Otranto’ published in 1767. They are typified by their dark, lachrymose atmosphere of hatred and fear. Hill used many traditional techniques such as the stereotypical use of pathetic fallacy reflecting the dark mood. The setting as its deserted and away from society, isolation , a ghost with hauntings all follow the conventional aspects. However the modern twist to hills novel is that the characters are unconvential, as in the normal gothic story the man is the scary character haunting a venerable or innocent young woman such as in’ Dracula’ he suck blood from all sweet caring ladies. Unlike in this case there is a ambitious young man being haunted by a revengeful young woman. From this the tension from new and old ways combine to create a heart pumping book which fear deeply impacts the reader. Fear is created in many ways in the chapter ‘The Sound of the Pony trap’ and many other chapters. The chapter† the sound of the pony trap† creates and builds fear and tension through out using a climax technique. Similar to other chapters in the novel it is developed throughout with no clear resolution at the end. In this chapter Hill uses pathetic fallacy frequently to make a prediction what is going to happen next, as Arthurs mood reflect the weather. At the beginning of the chapter he describes the feeling trying to get back the causeway as’, as the weather is really bad you are expecting this night to be a bad one and develop the scene of fear, from the Woman In Black. However after Keckwick arrives to pick up Kipps at 2am the weather was described as ‘all was so changed’. This shows that the mood to Kipps is so relived to see Keckwick to save him so the weather reflects his thoughts. Then finally the main element to the developing aspect of fear is haunting. These parts where the Woman in Black haunts Kipps are the moments when a cold feeling runs through the readers body and start to panic a little. The main haunting in this chapter is the sound of the pons trap and over all this is the most fearful part that distressed Kipps the most. The woman in black puts sounds in his head as a cart has over turned in the marshes and they are drowning so shouting for help with the cry off a child’s voice. After ‘an outburst of helpless sobbing’ , he was so overwhelmed by this a grown man cried over it. The haunting of the woman in black really breaks Kipps and this is the detrition of the man in till he becomes ill with fright. Fear is created, as hill shows how it effected Kipps and this is the part where the reader starts to feel afraid and fear is created.

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century Essay Example for Free

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century Essay Learning is one of important processes in human being life. It is self-evident that human development cannot stand without a proper learning. Since Learning provides unlimited Benefits, people should learn and experience it. The Reading is being reimagined over the time period. I’ll discuss about it later in this section. There are several ways that promotes Learning such as Books, electronic books, Movies, Periodicals such as Magazine, journals or Newspapers and Audio/Visual clips. Nowadays Libraries plays a critical role on keeping the Books alive due to the invention Mass media communications. I’ll talk further about this later in this section. Let’s take a closer look about Books. The book is one of the valuable sources of knowledge that provided numerous benefits, such benefits are it takes us into different worlds and cultures and it helps to learn other languages as well. So, we can tell that a book can be a truthful friend which helps to learn how to behave in practical life. Books cover different genres such as Comedy, Drama, Romance, Adventure, fiction etc. Director General of UNESCO addressed 1972 as the â€Å"International Book Year† and taking â€Å"Booking for all† as their Motto. UNESCO organizes a yearly event called â€Å"World Book day or International Day of the book† on 23th April every year worldwide to promote Reading, Publishing and Copyright. So we can understand How Important it is Reading in a life of Mankind. It was first celebrated on 23th April 1995. Writing believed to be developed between the 7th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC in china. Ancient people used to write using stones but wood was the first medium to write in the actual form of Book. From time to Time, the new technology inventions played vital part in the World. The Cambridge University Press was founded in 1534 and the first book was printed in 1583. Also the first press was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts one of the North American British colonies in the year of Year 1639. Then first North American Public library was founded in Boston in the year of 1653. Eighteenth Century Americans were mainly interested in reading books about practical arts, religious and the politics as well. American does have a long tradition on reading habits since long back. Thus they are proved to be improved in vocal, public expressions both towards and against throughout reading skills. Novels are the entertaining seldom read by Americans in the 18th century. The nation’s first novel was published in the late 18th century. The first two novels to be published were Digges’ â€Å"Adventure of Alonso† and Brown’s â€Å"The power of Sympathy†. Women were also contributed to the success of Novels, Such writers were Susuana Rowson for her novel â€Å"Charlotte: A tale of truth†. This navel was re-issued under the title of Charlotte Temple, which sold more than million and half copies. The growth of novel reading grew rapidly towards the end of the year 1750. The main reason for the growth of novel readers was the rapid growth of the source of book materials such as book seller, public library and lending library. An average person was able to obtain their reading materials from booksellers, public libraries as well through lending libraries which were a cheaper option since they were able to rent the books for a small fee. Due to the vast number of readers between the year 1773 and 1798 the number of book trading companies as well as the number of public libraries grew rapidly at faster rate than the increasing population. While the population doubled in the period of 1790’s, the numbers of the circulating libraries were tripled. So in the late 18th century, the circulation libraries played a huge influence placing reading interest among the American public. Social libraries were able to expand their firms by joining the book selling companies and they were able to purchase and loan the books for a lower rate. By the year of 1790, books were the main source of entertainment, information and literature for an average person. According to the catalogues of the sellers, the percentage of fiction readers increased by nine percent between 1754 to 1765 and increased to thirteen percent between 1791 to 1800. Circulating Library catalogues contained fifty-eight percent fiction by the year of 1800 which was higher compared (twenty-eight percent) to the early 18th century. Though the books were little expensive at that period, the people were able to join in the circulating libraries for lower rate which is another proof that people were encouraged to read during this century. During the late 18th century, the book sellers showed interest requesting novels from their suppliers. As an example Robert Ben Winans (1975) states that â€Å"In 1801, a bookseller in North Carolina wrote to his supplier requesting that â€Å"Mr. Carey will be so obliging as to send as many of the Novels as he procure; it will be mutually our interest to keep a good collection, as the good folks her love light reading†. This letter accompanied an order called a -typical order of the period about 1800, which listed sixty-three books every one of them a novel†. (â€Å"The Growth of a Novel-Reading Public in Late-Eighteenth-Century America. Early American Literature. Vol. 9. No. 3 (Winter, 1975): 267-275. Print). This is a proof that tells the novels were read by rapidly growing people in the late 18th century. This period is described as Novel reading age. I strongly believe that books today have been replaced by other forms of mass communication such as Media, newspape r and magazine, Web. Though there were so many significant political, economic developments redesigned the new world, the dramatic and unprecedented centralization of the countries and their expansion, regulations and professionalization of the state forces are still appreciable. Every time a new invention strikes in mass communications, obviously the books had to compete with that invention. The first American newspaper called â€Å"Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick† published in early 18th century. During the early 18th century, the weekly Newspapers acted as the means of carrying of intercolonial news and also the newspapers carried war news at that period . So people were interested in reading newspapers than Books at that period. Then the industrial era started from the nineteenth century initially with the telegraph applications. The first African-American newspaper was published in 1827 called the Freedoms Journal. Also this has been followed by the inventions such as magazines, telegraph, printers, phonograph, postal discounted rates, photographic films and radio were in particular. So the century that belongs to the industrial revolution start for the mass media that affected the books and readers. Since the radio, television and movie inventions in the early 1900s, the information had started passing through voice than text form. People started feeling that listening to audio is more comfortable than reading. In 1980, first online newspaper was published on web . From time moves on, the physical form of book transformed in intangible form of text due the new inventions in this world. During the late 1980s, Information has transformed to digitalized manner and the revolution of Computer started striking the world. People believed that physically storing information was not safe, so they started storing information in digital code. In 1985, Voyagar Company stored books in CD-ROM which was the first step to the era of eBook. From then onwards, the learning has come to digital manner. Then the biggest bang to the book sales was the invention of the World Wide Web in the year of 1991. Then the first online blog was published in the year of 1997. Due to high volume of readers, authors showed an interest in writing online blogs. Convergence of Media (Video and Audio) introduced in the later 1990s. For example:-We can see presidential debates live on YouTube. So the information can be stored as Video or audio forms as well than the text form. Google has announced the Google Library Project which is digitalization of books in 2005. Nowadays libraries are playing an important role in preserving the books for the next generation. It is self-evident that physically books can’t long last because of the material and size. It is good in a way that if we store information in digital code it can long last than physically storing in a book. This generation people show interest in reading/learning, just the sales of the eBooks readers, pdf readers are the proofs. If we look into Amazon. com, we can see tons of EBooks and they also sell books as well. If we want, we can download the eBook instantly or else we have to wait till they ship it. Though the form of text (book) has changed due to new inventions, but the rate of readers has increased in the world. Earlier we had only text form but now we do have text, audio and video form as well. Nowadays people look for a better ways. I would say storing an eBook is far more convenient than carrying a book (physical book). Though the new innovation impacted the sales of the books (physical form), it’s good for the next generation to preserve the valuable information.

Theories Regarding The Tourism Industry

Theories Regarding The Tourism Industry CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to review the key literature and the related theories regarding the tourism industry . The focus will be the medical tourism/healthcare services theories of competitiveness . The key findings are based on the applicability of the literature to the purpose and scope of study. 2.2 Main theories of Tourism The research related to the tourism industry is associated with the two main theories. These theories are related to the tourists dependency of moving from one place to other in terms of leisure, medical services, business purpose etc. 2.2.1 Modernization Theory Tourism is a process of temporary movement of people from developed to developing countries from the perspective of the modernization theory. The ability to experience and understand other cultures without abandoning the modern values and traditions will lead to increase in the number of tourists from the developed countries. Tourists from the developed countries are more likely to enjoy the culture of the developing countries within the structure of the modern societies. 2.2.2 Push-Pull Theory According to this theory, some people move because they are pushed out of their own place, others move because they are pulled or attracted to another place. Ravenstein (1889) concluded that pull factors were important than push factors. Oppressive laws, high taxes, bad climate and uncomfortable surroundings forces people to migrate. Individuals desiring to have leisure have the option of selecting a place that best meets their standards, and are attracted towards those places because of what it has to offer. Thus pull factors are important in determining the destination for a tourist. Traditionally, Europe attracts a large number of tourists , but in the recent years, Asia have been attracting the tourists, due to its unique cultural and social attractions. This theory frames the hypothesis that the greater the level of pull factors, the greater will be the increase in tourism. 2.3 Tourism Industry of India Tourism is the largest growing service industry in India, contributing 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% to the total employment in India. India attracts more than 5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 527 million domestic tourism visits .The tourism industry of India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi are expected to significantly increase tourism in India. 2.3.1 Types of Tourism in India a) Nature Tourism : Indias geographical diversity results in varieties of nature tourism. Foreign tourists are attracted by the natural beauty of India. Water falls in Western Ghats including Jog falls (highest in India). Western Ghats Kerala Backwaters Hill Stations Wildlife Reserves b) Adventure Tourism : It has also increased in recent years due to Indias climate and topography. Varieties of adventures on land, water and air can be found in India. The following are the types of adventure tourism in India: River Rafting Mountain Climbing Rock Climbing Skiing Paragliding Boat Racing c) Wildlife Tourism : Indias rich forest areas with unique species of wildlife attract foreign toursists for wildlife tourism in India such as the Ghana National Park and the Corbett National Park. d) Pilgrimage Tourism : Indias famous cultural temples like the Golden Temple and the Char Dham attracts foreign tourists from all over the world to visit India. e) Healthcare Tourism : India is one of the top healthcare services provider country in the world with low cost treatment and high quality helathcare when compared to countries such as the U.S.A. and the U.K. f) Monument Tourism : India is famous for its historic monuments all over the world. Large number of foreign tourists visit India to see the Taj Mahal, the Qutub Minar, Red Fort and the Gateway of India. g) Eco Tourism : India has a variety of preserved natural areas which attracts tourists for eco tourism in india . The Gir National Park and the Kaziranga National Park are some natural preserved areas. h) Beach Tourism: India is also famous for its beaches in Chennai , Goa and Mumbai. Tourists visit these places to enjoy the beautiful beaches along the coastline. 2.4 Healthcare Tourism in India Healthcare Tourism is one of the major growing industry in India. The Economic Times (6 January 2009) reported that Indias medical tourism sector is expected to have an annual growth rate of 30%, making it a Rs. 9,500-crore industry by 2015. The Indian Express (18 September 2006) estimates of the value of healthcare tourism to India are expected as high as $2 billion a year by 2012. The key advantages of India in attracting the foreign medical tourists are- Low Costs of Medical Treatment Availablity of advanced medical technologies Achievement of International Quality Standards in Healthcare Services The Chicago Tribune (28 March 2008) reported that Healthcare treatment costs in India are low in price as compared to the treatment in U.S.A   and U.K. The most popular treatments in India include heart surgery, bone-marrow transplant, cardiac bypass, eye surgery and hip replacement. Indian healthcare service providers in India comprises of many Hospital groups like- Apollo Hospitals and Fortis Healthcare who are the major contributors of Indias success in international market for healthcare tourism. Many Indian hospitals have been certified from the British Standards Institute and Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organisations . The Indian city of Chennai has been declared Indias Health Capital because of   its contribution of 45% of medical tourists from abroad and 30-40% of domestic health tourists. The Economic Times (18 November 2008) reported that India has developed into a hub for medical tourists seeking quality healthcare at an affordable cost. Nearly 4,50,000 foreigners sought medical treatment in India last year. A cardiac surgery in India would cost 9000 USD than the cost of 75000 USD to 100,000 USD in U.S.A.   A spine surgery would cost around 8000-9000 USD in India than the cost of 65000 USD in U.S.A.   A joint replacement would cost 8000 USD in India than the cost of 55000-65000 USD in U.S.A. Many Indian hospitals are promoting their international quality of healthcare services by joining international accreditation agencies to obtain the necessary approvals on safety and quality services.

Fight Club Essay -- Film Movie

This movie is mainly about a narrators search for meaning and the fight to find freedom from a meaningless way of life. It setting is in suburbia, an abandoned house located in a major large city. Ed Norton, plays the nameless narrator, Brad Pitt, is Tyler Dunden, and Helena Boaham Carter is Marla Singer, the three main characters. David Fincher directs this film in 1999, which adapted it from the novel written by Chuck Palahnuik. It begins depicting Edward Norton, the narrator, working for an insurance company as a representative, who produces evidence for recalling automobiles. He lives in a 15 story, glass front condominium, with the best expensive furniture, designer clothes and a totally empty way of life. Society has yet to understand how employment can influence a person life experiences. His first experience in solving his problem is to seek medical advice for insomnia, which is not the answer. He was advised by his doctor to really see pain, participate in is a group of men who have testicular cancer and really experience pain. This begins his phony search and fix to his search for a painless life. He portrays his self as a cancer survivor, and creates an identity to fill his emptiness, and thus ends up attending seven groups a week. He then meets Bob, who is later killed because of his participation in a bombing of a coffee house. During this process the narrator meets the chain smoking, Marla Singer. Confronted with realization, they were both liars and looking in the mirror irritated him, Marla and the narrator agreed to a plan not to be at the same group, and they could both also avoid self-reflection and contact at the same time. These groups lead the narrator into finding his ?cave and finding t... ... up, Marla and the narrator holding hands and he says ?you met me at a very strange time in my life.? The last song is ?Where is my Mind It also can be a symbol representing the narrators search for his true identity. This movie is sending a message to society about what can happen in a world of confused, angry men. Its points to the hypocrisy of the general public which promotes enforcements of movie ratings, gun control but drops its children off the see ?The Matrix?. In my opinion, this is a good movie for college students, who are studying in Sociology, Mental Health or Nursing Careers. This assignment required many skills, to understand the information you required. This information was hidden in the plot so distinctly a freshman student could have easily missed it. I think this movie would be a challenge for upper level college students.

My Arrest and Rebirth :: Law College Admissions Essays

My Arrest and Rebirth With great embarrassment and pain, I must tell you that I have once been arrested; it was over a fight with my brother Jacob. The police attribute Jake's behavior to chemical dependence; my parents blame it on some unknown incident while he was at school. I don't know, myself; I do know that I returned from Israel to find Jake had taken over my room, as well as anything else in the house he could manipulate or control. The TV, VCR and computer were his absolute domain; I missed a calculus final because he took the car without permission. He refused to engage in any conversation at all with my parents. His "conversations" with me and Sol were primarily a barrage of put-downs and insults. He kept lists of "crimes" other people had committed, for which he sought revenge, by stealing things or just hiding them. Nothing was secure or safe at home; I didn't feel secure or safe there. Home was worse hell than the army had ever been. How can I explain how traumatic this was for me? Imagine being asleep on the sofa (the only bed I had) and being awakened in the middle of the night by the blasting of the TV. If I complained, I would be either ignored or screamed at. If I pretended interest, he would start changing channels, or switch to the stereo. If I called my parents, my "crime" got added to his list for later revenge. I pleaded with my parents to intervene, but they just called me selfish; couldn't I see that I had a sick brother, that I had to "help" him by tolerating his behavior until he magically got well? "Magically" because we couldn't seek any help; that would require letting an "outsider" know We had a problem. After he beat up my brother Sol, my father ordered Jake to leave until he cooled off, the first time he had ever intervened. But Jake called my father's bluff; he disappeared for two weeks. This pattern of violence, abusiveness, drinking and disappearing escalated throughout the summer. After one particularly violent outburst, I finally tried to show my parents that by refusing to deal with Jake's illness, they were hurting Sol and me. I staged a suicide attempt with sugar pills I had placed in an aspirin bottle.

Motion Picture Industry Managerial Report

When creating a movie to release in such a competitive industry, assurance is needed that there will be a return on investment as well as that their movie will be well-received by the public and entertaining to make it a popular hit at the box office. Using a sample of 100 motion pictures from 2005 and numerical methods of descriptive statistics, including measures of location, variability, distribution shape and the detection of outliers, the motion picture industry can be analyzed more specifically in order to learn how these variables play a part in the success of a motion picture.The main concern of management in this case would be with regard to revenue, profit, and entertainment. In this case study it was found that there was a high correlation between the total gross sales and the opening gross sales, time spent in the Top 60 and the number of theaters played in, indicating that movie makers should take these variables into consideration when trying to predict or plan for a su ccessful movie. The motion picture industry is a cutthroat, multi-billion dollar industry involving a diverse number of contributors to making a successful movie.From production crews, actors, and directors to marketing crews, distribution companies and movie theaters, there is substantial time and effort put into these creations and there are four variables commonly used to measure the return on this investment. These variables include the opening weekend gross sales, total gross sales, number of theaters showing the movie, and weeks in the top sixty of gross sales. The first variable, opening gross, can inform movie makers how anticipated and well-received a movie is and can be a good indication of how much money the movie will earn overall.After calculating several central tendency measures (mean, median, and mode), one can create a histogram and see the opening weekend gross sales are heavily skewed to the right. The median opening gross sales of 0. 40, indicating 50% of the ope ning gross sales values were less than 0. 40 and 50% were greater than 0. 40, would be a more appropriate central tendency measure than the mean due to this skewness. The range of opening gross sales was 108. 43, from 0. 01 (Caterina in the Big City) to 108. 44 (Star Wars: Episode III), and the standard deviation was 18. 87.However, the interquartile range of 12. 37 would be a more appropriate measure of variability because the distribution is skewed and has extreme values. Once a box-plot is created, one can see the extreme values are 108. 44 (Star Wars: Episode III), 102. 69 (Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire), 77. 06 (War of the Worlds), 50. 34 (Mr. and Mrs. Smith), 48. 75 (Batman Begins), and 33. 90 (Wedding Crashers). Total Gross will demonstrate how much money a movie has earned overall. This can serve as an indicator of which types of movies will resonate with movie-goers and do well in the future.This could also serve as a guide of whether to make a sequel and if it would or would not maximize profits. As with the opening gross, total gross also has a right tail, therefore, median would be a more appropriate central tendency measure than the mean. The median total gross was 5. 85, indicating 50% of the total gross values were less than 5. 85 and 50% were above 5. 85. The range of total gross was 380. 15; from 0. 03 to 380. 18 and the standard deviation was 63. 16. Again, the interquartile range of 47. 03 ould be a more appropriate measure of variability due to the skewness. Based on the box-plot, extreme values were 380. 18 (Star Wars: Episode III), 287. 18 (Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire), 234. 21 (War of the Worlds), 209. 22 (Wedding Crashers), 205. 28 (Batman Begins), and 186. 22 (Mr. and Mrs. Smith). The number of theaters can also be an indication of a movie’s popularity and potentially large profits, as movie theaters will often bring in and continue showing the most high-demand movies in order to bring in revenue to the theater.The number of theaters is also heavily skewed to the right, indicating the median would be a more appropriate measure than the mean. The median was 410, therefore 50% of the values were less than 410 and 50% of the values were above 410. The range of the number of theaters was 3905, from 5 to 3910 and the standard deviation was 1379. Due to the skewness the interquartile range of 2687 is a better measure of variability. No outliers are identified by creating a box-plot for number of theaters. Weeks in the Top 60 will correlate with the popularity of a movie after it had been released over a period of time.Movies will continue showing if audiences consistently continue to view them after their release date, in turn, creating more revenue. As with the other variables weeks in the top 60 is also skewed to the right, meaning the median of 7 would be a more appropriate measure than the mean, indicating 50% of the variables were above 7 and 50% were less than 7. Note that because the data wa s not highly skewed, the mean and median were close to each other. The range of weeks in the top 60 was 26, from 1 to 27, the standard deviation was 6. 39, and the interquartile range was 10.There were no outliers observed for this variable. Now that we have taken a look at the four variables we can see that the median opening gross sales was . 40 or $400,000 meaning half earned more than that and half earned less in the opening weekend. The median total gross sales was 5. 85 or $5. 85 million, indicating half of the movies earned more in total sales and half earned less. The median number of theaters was 410 meaning half of the movies showed in more than 410 theaters and half of the movies showed in less than 410 theaters.The median number of weeks in the Top 60 was 7 showing that half of the movies shown stayed in Top 6 for less than 7 weeks and half stayed for more than 7 weeks. With regard to the correlation between total gross sales and our other variables it is evident that th ere is a high correlation between total gross sales and opening gross sales, as well as number of theaters and weeks in the top 60. This indicates that those movies that have a high total gross will tend to have a high opening gross and vice versa with low gross sales.Also, this proves to be the same for number of theaters and weeks in the top 60 as typically movies with high total gross sales tend to have been played in more theaters and stayed in the Top 60 for a longer period of time. In conclusion, the use of descriptive statistics can prove to be highly valuable in the evaluation process for any firm or industry. Generally, this can give management a clearer image of where they’ve been and where they are going, as well as where they want to avoid which can serve so many diverse purposes in the management process.

Marketing Principles: The Onida Candy Case Study

This is composed of   two types of factors: those that the company cannot control – the external factors and those the company has control – the internal factors (Finch,2001, p.4)  Ã‚   The problem with Onida was they weren’t able to understand the impact of the uncontrollable factors and they don’t have an effective management of the of the controllable factors. Macroenvironmental Factors Onida’s Candy was a hit in Mumbai, Calcutta, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka for on its first year.   But Onida was not able to study further the consumer market and the buying behaviour.   If only they have studied what is the evaluation and perception of the people regarding candy they may have not problem at all. Onida’s should have considered the economic conditions of the people.   Candy’s price was a little bit higher compared to its competitors.   If only they have lowered the price of the product, they might get the attention market. The overcrowded CTV market has Japanese brands like Sony, National Panasonic and Toshiba; Korean brands like Samsung and LG; the big two Indian brands BPL and Videocon were just some of the competitors of Onida in the CTV market.  Ã‚   Like Onida all of the competitors are capable of superior technology.   They have compete with their prices especially on the most price sensitive segment of the televisions-the 14-inch CTV.   BPL KWR , LG d70 and Samsung 3302 and 3379   fell in the price range of Rs 7,000 to Rs 10, 000. Onida’s Candy was Rs 2000 higher than BPL’s 14-inch set and Rs 3000 more that Aiwa’s   14-inch television.   The company source felt it was just the right price for Onida Candy.   They forgot to consider the economic situation of the people and its buying power. Another thing they weren’t able to understand was the impact of the social and cultural factors.   The CTV consumer markets were very conservative and having loud coloured cases for televisions just gave them more problems.   The lower and middle class preferred television with sober colours as a reflection of their lives. Microenvironmental Factors The suppliers for Onida is not a problem because they were producing their own CTV sets.   The problems arise in the marketing intermediaries and the target market. Onida must have given seminars to dealer’s and salesperson on how to market their product properly because this people were used in selling television cased in black, grey and other dull colours it is hard for them to accept Candy’s bright hues.   On the seminar they could have explained why those colours were chosen and convince them that this hues will be a hit to the people. The target market of Onida was another problem; we know that they really want this television for the youth and teens.   But this people don’t have money.   Maybe they want to own this hip and cool television set.  Ã‚   But they don’t have a cash of Rs 9,900 to buy this kind of product.   They might convince their parents to buy small stuffs for them but a big money (especially for middle and lower class) like this to spend on a tv for their kids.   I don’t think those parents would allow.   Of course those head of the family(which most of the case has the buying power) would want a television set that will match the whole family’s   need and match their lifestyles.   Candy, therefore is not the right product for them. The Competitive Environment Most businesses operates on the market and needs to be aware of their prices compared with the main competitors (Brumfitt, et.al., 2001, p. 11).   Although Onida knows the ongoing sale price of the most prices sensitive CTV set in the market.   They still justified the price of their product, not lowering it, because they felt the price was right.   They forgot that most of the time consumer where influenced on the pricing of the product.   Those were the first things most people consider when buying things.   Quality, specifications, features and functions of the products were just secondary. Analyse Onida’s approach to segmentation and targeting the Candy range and evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing mix strategies to position the Candy appropriately. The purpose for segmenting a market is to allow the marketing/sales program to focus on the subset of prospects that are â€Å"most likely† to purchase the offering. In the case of Onida Candy, they focused sharply on young people.   It was targeting people between the ages 12 to 25.   They did this because based on the research this age group is looking for personalized product.   As a result they configured Candy will meet this need.   They forgot to consider the buying power of this age group.   This age group is still dependent on their family and will not be able to buy this kind of product cost so much. Maybe they will have an influence on their parents but in most household buying a television is a major decision, it’s a family thing (especially for middle and lower class families) which will likely acquire one tv set that will be used by the whole family.   Though the features of the Candy like configured channels based on the house members’ choice of channels is good.   The colour and packaging of the product is not appealing to the family as a whole. The company could have at least included in the research the priority items that this age group that they were targeting wanted to own.   They should have study first, is owning a television set at least in the first top five priorities of the items that this age group wanted to own. Another thing that Onida did which cause the failure of Candy was the wrong timing of Candy.   It was Onida’s research on the need of the market to replace their black and white tv with coloured once and purchases were made by 24-35 year old.   Still, they mismarketed the Candy tv.   This second set buyers were looking for coloured once, but ofcourse they were still considering the prices of the CTV that will replace their black and white. Onida also forgot to pursue the idea to the market that their television set is the best choice as add-on tv set for the family (since they fixed the idea that Candy is for young people).   Ofcourse prospective buyer of the television set will not relate to that TV and would think it is not for them anymore. The analysts were right when they commented that the initial success of Candy was purely a mere reflection of the market trend.   Depending the company on market trend is very dangerous to the company and to their investment (just like what happened to Onida). Because trends fluctuate, they go up and then go down and you will never know if it will go up again. The Product Life Cycle Introduction Stage In the introduction stage, the Onida seeks to build product awareness and develop a market for the product. The impact on the marketing mix is as follows: Product: they named the product Candy, It came in four colours, Berry Blue, Mint Green, Lemon Yellow, and Cherry Red. Pricing: they prices it at Rs 9990 Distribution: It was distributed nationwide but more effort was made in Mumbai. Promotion: They invited 80 dealers to discuss how to make Onida brand appealing to the youth.   They also use the Cricket Cup to rejuvenate the brand. Growth Stage In the growth stage, the firm seeks to build brand preference and increase market share. In this stage Onida’s product quality is maintained and additional features and support services may be added. In April, 2000 they launched the dual coloured television cabinets.   They called this Candy Duets.   It was available in four colours – Black Currant, Raisin Cream, Berry Delite and Double Mint in a 14 inch version.   They also had a Candy duet in a 20 inches   version in three colours – Cherry Ice, Cool Mint, and Berry Delite Pricing of Candy   Duet in 14 inches maintained the price at Rs 9990 and Candy Duet 20 inches was priced at Rs 12,990. Distribution channels are added as demand increases and customers accept the product. The had a nationwide distribution of the Candy brand. Promotion of the product is still concentrated on its target market : the young people. Maturity Stage At maturity, the strong growth in sales diminishes. Competition may appear with similar products. The primary objective at this point is to defend market share while maximizing profit. Product features may be enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors. This was done by Onida through launching the dual TV cabinets On this stage, in order to be competitive to the market Onida supposedly lowered its price to compete to other TV suppliers.   But they were firm to remain their price at Rs 9,990 for their 14 inches and Rs 12, 990 for their 20 inches TV. Distribution becomes more intensive and incentives and supposed to be in this stage the Onida offered the customers and the distributors incentives as a motivation to Promotion on this stage was weak.   They never give a strong emphasis on the strong qualities of the Candy and its advantages to other CTV that is on its same product line. Decline Stage As sales decline, the firm has several options: They maintain the product rejuvenate it by adding new features to the 20 inches candy duet. Discontinue the product, liquidating remaining inventory and selling the remaining items at a low price Using the data given in Exhibits I and II; the other information given in the case and your analysis for question 2, make recommendations as to how Onida develop their targeting, positioning and marketing mix The Onida Candy CTV must be discontinued because it will just brought more losses to the company.   The Onida should launch a new brand of television that has the functions of Candy but with a new name.   More sober colours that will match the life styles of the Indian people.   Those colours that will attract those people who have a buying power.   It is also recommended to the company to change their target market to those people who have the purchasing power.   There should be a research or survey on what they want and what they need in buying a television set. Marketing Mix Onida must attempt to regain the loyalty and faith of the customers to their product.   They should renew their brand and their target market and must blend these four marketing mix variables in an optimal manner. a. Product The product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. A sober colours for the casing of the new CTV set will be better and a good warranty offering for the new product.   It should retain the functions of the Candy CTV like the configuration of channels; it is also good to incorporate other features like messaging or reminder on the CTV, built in games and multi-channelling. b. Price The price of the product should be competitive and must be in line with the other available product on the market.   Possible discounts and promos for the product must be done to motivate the prospective clients to buy the product c. Place In the early stage of the product, a nationwide distribution must be planned out perfectly.  Ã‚   There should be a follow-up plan or study in the possible international market or exposure of the product. d. Promotion The company should invest in the advertising of the product to assure the company’s success on this new product.   Proper placing of the ads on tv, prints and internet can make a good return of investment. Market Segmentation and Target Market Strategies We can segment the Indian consumer market by the following: Place they Lived: Urban, rural or suburban – people in different location or place they lived have different preferences when buying a CTV, therefore we must learn what they want and what they need in order to satisfy them. Income : low income earners, middle income earners and high income earners –   the income and economic status of the people should be considered in pricing the CTV.   Because if its to high then the prospective buyer will not buy because of practicality reasons. Social Class: Upper class, Upper Middle, Lower Middle, Lower Class – people that belong on this classes have different preferences therefore we should study what they want.   How strong is their buying power, so that we can adjust our marketing strategies. Usage rate: Nonuser, light user and heavy user – this segmentation basis can help us also in our marketing strategy. Target Market: Once we have studied the market segmentation and learned who are the heavy users of CTV on different social classes, age, gender, urban-rural, or gender.   Then we can decide to who we will concentrate our marketing strategy. Bibliography Brumitt, K., et.al   2001.   The Competitive Business Environment.   Nelson and Thomas Ltd. UK., Chapter 2 pp. 11. Finch, J.E. 2001. The Essentials of Marketing Principles.   Research and Education Association, USA,   Chapter 1 p.4.      

Pants

Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations B) hypothetical way of organizing and explaining characteristics of people C) systematic framework for creating a hypothesis based on data and experimentation D) framework based on one's psychological perspective 2. A hypothesis is best characterized as: A) a procedure that precedes a theoretical framework B) any phenomenon that can change from one situation to another C) a systematic way of organizing and explaining observations D) a tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables .Variables that can be placed on a continuum, such as the degree of happiness or the amount of income, are referred to as: A) dependent variables B) independent variables C) categorical variables D) continuous variables 4. Any variable that is comprised of groupings or classifications such that a person must be in one group or another is referred to as a/an: A) dependent variable B) independent variable C) categorical variable D ) continuous variable 5. I am running an experiment in which my participants have a drink and then drive a car. To ensure that I have good results, my participants shouldA) try hard to drive well when in next in line B) be blind to the results C) be able to explain their observations D) have the same basic procedure so as to minimize unintended variations 6. A subgroup of the population that is likely to be representative of the population as a whole is known as A) a culture B) a sample C) a population D) a subculture 7. Good psychological research uses standardized procedures in order to: A) make sure that a representative sample is being used B) expose participants in a study to as similar procedures as possible C) ensure external validity D) ensure objectivity 8.In order to ensure that the findings obtained with your sample can be applied to the population, your study should involve which of the following? A) stratified sample of subjects B) external validity C) experimenter's di lemma D) all of the above 9. A test that yields relatively similar scores for the same individual over time has which ONE of the following types of reliability? A) test-retest reliability B) integrate reliability C) interim reliability D) contextual reliability 10. If two or more individuals agree on some dimension and give a participant the same score, then that study possesses: A) test-retest reliability 1.Validity is present when: A) the test measures what it is supposed to measure B) measurement reflects truth C) measurement reflects theory correctly D) the test measures the same way each time 12. With regard to face validity, which of the following is true? A) face validity refers to whether or not the measure looks like it measures what it purports to measure B) many researchers go out of their way to make sure their scale does not have face validity C) face validity is the least important type of validity 13.One of the best ways to obtain an accurate assessment off variable i s A) with face validity B) through central reliability C) by using multiple measures D) by using a representative sample 14. Which one of the following is NOT a type of descriptive research? A) case study B) naturalistic observation C) survey D) correlation study 15. A case study is: A) a survey of a person's likes and dislikes B) generalize with little effort C) the study of one individual in great depth D) appropriate for small groups 16.Possible limitations of the case-study method include: A) investigator bias B) small sample size C) lack of generalization 17. The major problem with survey methods is that: A) most people don't want to talk about themselves B) it is hard to question people in their natural environments C) they rely on participants to report on themselves truthfully and accurately D) all of the above 18. Before an experiment begins, the participant must agree to participate in the study.In other words, the participant must provide: A) substantial knowledge B) info rmed consent C) debriefing D) ethical knowledge 19. Debriefing a subject means: A) you briefly explain what will happen in the experiment before you begin B) you explain the purpose of the study and remove any stressful after effects after the artificial is finished C) you have the subject sign a document agreeing to be in the experiment D) you run through the experiment quickly with a participant for practice before you begin collecting data 20.I find that there is a +. 59 correlation between shoe size and intelligence. What can I correctly conclude? A) Having a bigger shoe size causes you to be more intelligent. B) Being more intelligent causes you to have bigger feet and, thus, a bigger shoe size. C) Exercise stimulates both physical growth (resulting in bigger feet) and intellectual growth (resulting in higher intelligence levels). D) Shoe size and

Undersea walking in Mauritius

The article is about Undersea walking in Mauritius, and has been written for a travel supplement for The Daily Telegraph. It is based on the style model â€Å"Guatelama shows its true colours† – a travel review from this newspaper. Its purpose is to inform and entertain, and the target demographic is the middle class family seeking an exotic destination. Titled â€Å"Under the Sea,† most will immediately notice the intertextual reference to a song from the famous Disney movie â€Å"The Little Mermaid.† This suggests not only that the article will be related to the sea, but also that the activity will be suitable for children, because of the Disney film connotations. The title's aim is also to give a summary of the main lexical fields covered in the article, the sea, swimming and wildlife. Other lexical fields include advice and safety; however, although these are important they are not very exciting, and so are not in any way suggested by the title. In conjunction with my style model, photos are placed in between paragraphs, which graph logically help the reader to establish a rough idea of the subject matter, and demonstrate the progression of the text, i.e. The first image shows a person getting into the water, and the next actually shows the people submerged. The small blue text box at the bottom of the second page connotes water, the sea and tranquillity, creating cohesion with the rest of the article. The article is stylistically informal, achieved by the first person narrator disclosing their feelings and emotions. By using personal pronouns such as â€Å"you,† the reader feels more involved in the article, as they are being addressed directly. Idioms are also used, such as â€Å"what on earth† and â€Å"let's face it,† giving the text a more conversational and relaxed feel. A dysphemism (â€Å"dumped under the sea†) in the first paragraph further helps the reader to identify with the writer's emotions, making the text entertaining. The penultimate paragraph is designed to inform people of the benefits of an undersea walk as an introduction to diving. It does this by frequently using modal verbs, for example â€Å"would†, increasing the writer's certainty and the reader's confidence in the advice given. However, it also uses the modal verb â€Å"may,† which while indicating that an undersea walk â€Å"may be a good predecessor to their first dive,† it also covers the possibility that it may not. Throughout the article, periodic sentences are used, to keep the reader engaged as well as to create suspense. An example of this is in the first paragraph – â€Å"fair enough, it was a once in a life time opportunity, but then, as I stared down into the deep expanse of water, I began to doubt my decision.† The reader feels compelled to finish reading the sentence, as the main point is not reached until the end. This therefore, encourages the reader to read on, whilst also ending the paragraph dramatically.

An Open Letter to Ninth Graders

I am one of the co-editors of What Is â€Å"College-Level† Writing? —a 2006 collection of essays that focuses on the difference between high school writing and college-level writing. Because of my work on that book, I’ve spent a great deal of time in the last five years thinking about what students need to make the transition from high school to college. Many studies and reports in recent years have argued that there’s an important â€Å"expectations gap† between the skills students are typically bringing to college and what college teachers like me think students should be bringing with them to college. This letter is an attempt to state those expectations clearly, at least from my perspective. I offer you my advice and encouragement as you embark on your high school career because I think there’s a lot that you can do on your own to get ready for college. A good place to start is with some advice from Stephen Covey’s book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People: â€Å"Begin with the end in mind. † I am advising you to set clear and specific long-term goals for yourself and then work incrementally over a period of time to meet them. I would like to provide you here with a number of specific goals that you can work toward over the next four years. Let’s begin with perhaps the most fundamental of all college-readiness skills— reading. Reading Reading comprehension, as measured by standardized tests like the SAT and the ACT, is certainly an essential college-level skill. Students in college are required to read an enormous amount of material across a formidable range of disciplines, and college students must be able to understand and engage with this material thoughtfully. Reading is a foundational skill that makes success possible in virtually all areas of your college education. Strong reading comprehension skills, though, do not in themselves guarantee that you are ready for college. The best college students I’ve worked with over the years have had a number of other reading-related strengths in addition to strong comprehension skills, and I would like to briefly outline them for you here. Remember, you have four years to work on these. Students who are ready for college like to read. If you don’t like to read, you are going to find college very difficult. Students who are ready for college have read some good books as well as some important books while they were in high school. I’m not suggesting that you need to follow any particular or prescriptive reading list, like the one that literary critic E. D. Hirsch includes, for example, in Cultural Literacy. But a high school student who is ready for college should have some sense of our shared intellectual and cultural history, as well as at least some exposure to work outside the Western cultural tradition. A high school student who is ready for college should be able to recognize and respond in some thoughtful way to, say, a reference in a lecture toKing Lear. Ideally, a student ready for college would have some visceral sense of what Lear feels like as a dramatic experience and as a point of reference in our common heritage. The same can be said about the book of Job, Toni Morrison’sThe Bluest Eye, Cervantes’s Don Quixote, Willa Cather’s My Antonia, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude, and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory, among others. Students who are ready for college read for pleasure. Reading is not something that a student who is ready for college always associates with â€Å"work,† â€Å"discomfort,† â€Å"inconvenience,† or â€Å"pain. † Students who are ready for college enjoy reading. Being able to enjoy reading is often the result of a long engagement with books and the written word that cannot be replaced by â€Å"cramming† or taking special college preparatory classes. The students whom I have found to be most ready for college have loved books and loved to read. If you don’t love to read, you will probably be confused and frustrated while at college. Reading is perhaps the most paradigmatic activity of a liberal arts education. It is where learning begins at college. You have four years to learn to love to read. Writing Strong writing skills are, of course, essential to college success. As a longtime composition instructor, I know that there are many things that high school students can do to become strong writers. First of all, you should expect any piece of serious writing to require considerable effort. Students who are ready for college routinely plan to produce multiple drafts of essays; expect to read and reread assigned texts; expect to think and rethink key ideas they are exploring in their essays; and routinely ask friends, family members, tutors, and professors for feedback about their work. High school students who are ready for college know that good writing does not get produced without considerable effort, and they are willing to make that effort. Most of the time they do such work enthusiastically. Students who are ready for college come to college interested in learning how to become better writers. Many of the most problematic students I’ve encountered in my teaching career come to college unable or unwilling to believe that they have anything left to learn as writers. (I’ve been writing seriously now for about thirty years, and I’m still actively looking for ways to become a better writer. ) Students should come to college with the understanding that they have a great deal to gain from listening to their professors as they discuss and evaluate their written work. In fact, students who are ready for college understand that this is where much of the most important learning in college takes place. A whole range of behavioral and attitudinal qualities are also essential to anyone who hopes to be a successful college-level writer. English professor Kathleen McCormick described these qualities memorably in an online exchange among contributors to What Is â€Å"College-Level† Writing? Commenting on an essay by Kim Nelson—a student whose contribution to the volume described the process of completing a college-level essay on J. R. R. Tolkien—McCormick wrote, Let’s begin by listing many of the skills with which Kim entered college. I think they should be divided into two types: behavior skills and writing skills. Behavioral skills are not exclusive to college-level writing, but without them, it is hard to achieve anything, and they are skills that few of us articulate as explicitly as Kim does, so I think they deserve to be underscored: Work through â€Å"panic† and refuse to procrastinate. Pace yourself to work on assignments for an extended period of time. Find others to help you (parents, teachers, friends at dinner, tutors at the writing center). Recognize that a critique by a professor, while initially disheartening, is helpful. Initiate repeated visits to the professor. Value intellectual work and collaboration and validation more than the grade. Brainstorm in note form. â€Å"Bang out† an outline and critique it. Choose quotations. Develop a thesis. Transfer writing skills learned in high school to the college situation. Maintain sensitivity to language use. Reread texts you plan to write about; underline. Do library research. Listen to multiple levels of textual analysis. Rewrite and revise your thesis and writing. Thinking I would advise you to seek out classes and learning experiences that challenge you. Research is beginning to show us that the brain responds in very powerful and positive ways to cognitive challenges. Don’t limit yourself to subjects or activities that are familiar or easy. Students who are ready for college bring with them a curiosity about ideas and an interest in encountering new ways of looking at the world. In fact, one of the reasons they come to college in the first place is to expand their minds, to encounter new ideas and perspectives, and to grow. High school students who are ready for college have genuine curiosity about the world and the people in it. Do you? Listening Listening is a vastly undervalued and underappreciated skill in our culture. Strong listening skills (and the patience and empathy that make listening possible) will be enormously valuable to you in all areas of your life, in college and beyond. Listening skills will certainly help you move toward a more open and welcoming engagement with the world and with others. Strong listening skills also make possible healthy, positive, respectful human relationships. Much of college success depends on establishing strong working relationships with professors, college staff, and fellow students. Such relationships are built, of course, with strong listening skills. Students who are unable to listen are typically unable to learn, for all the obvious reasons. Good listeners bring to any interaction with others a number of important qualities, including patience, empathy, personal generosity, emotional intelligence, and respect for others. Good listeners are also able to suspend an interest in themselves and focus instead in respectful ways on what others think and feel. Students who are ready for college have done some of the important personal work that makes this possible. Listening is a skill, like many others, that improves with practice, and one can become a better listener simply by endeavoring to be one. â€Å"Grit† â€Å"Grit† is another quality that is vitally important for college readiness. Researchers who use this term suggest that it includes self-discipline, perseverance, and passion. As psychologists Angela Duckworth and Martin Seligman note in their recent essay â€Å"Self-Discipline Outdoes IQ in Predicting Academic Performance of Adolescents,† grit appears to be at least as important to academic success as IQ or â€Å"smarts. † In fact, all high school students should hear what Duckworth and Seligman have to say about self-discipline: Underachievement among American youth is often blamed on inadequate teachers, boring textbooks, and large class sizes. We suggest another reason for students falling short of their intellectual potential: their failure to exercise self-discipline. . . . We believe that many of America’s children have trouble making choices that require them to sacrifice short-term pleasure for long-term gain, and that programs that build self-discipline may be the royal road to building academic achievement. Any student is capable of bringing a quality of joyfulness to their work at college, and the same can be said for the qualities of selfdiscipline, perseverance, and passion. Without these qualities, students can only be considered ready to be bored, lost, angry, or confused at college. Attitude Toward College Drinking, socializing, and taking reckless advantage of â€Å"freedom† on campus lead many students to squander their time at college. I’ve seen many young men and women trapped in a protracted adolescence that often lasts well into their late teens, early twenties, and beyond. As teachers, we want students to have a youthful spirit (however old they may be), but we also want them to bring maturity to the college enterprise. Some students, usually as a result of difficult life experience, arrive at college with such maturity. But many do not. In my experience, mature students are often able to engage with college in very productive ways. Those who do not bring such maturity, however, typically cannot. Such students often find themselves confused or angry or without any real direction. You also need to understand that the chance to attend college is an opportunity of incalculable value. Because many students take this opportunity for granted, I recommend that community service be a required part of every high school student’s preparation for college. Community service is an excellent way for you to begin building a balanced and mature perspective on life. Such a perspective will be invaluable to you when you attend college. Determining Readiness I have developed a checklist of the college-readiness skills described in this article. You can use this practical document to track your progress in high school and ensure that you are ready for college by the time you graduate. Visit here to view and print the checklist. Remember: you have four years to develop the skills that you will need to succeed in college. Patrick Sullivan teaches English at Manchester Community College in Connecticut. He is the editor, with Howard Tinberg, of What Is â€Å"College-Level† Writing? Reading Comprehension questions: Answer the questions below using evidence from the text in your responses where aplicable. Each response should be no less then four sentences.

Cerebravascular Disorder of Stroke Research Paper

Cerebravascular Disorder of Stroke - Research Paper Example As the report stresses  Stroke is defined as per the World Health Organization to be a clinical syndrome consisting of â€Å"rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (at times global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting for more than 24 hours leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin†. There are two primary forms of stroke which are ischemic and hemorrhagic.  In an ischemic stroke the blood vessel gets blocked generally by a blood clot that results in a region of the brain to be deprived in oxygen and cause it to stop functioning. Ischemic strokes have resulted for 80% of all the known cases of strokes. A hemorrhagic stroke takes place if a blood vessel which carries oxygen and other nutrients to the brain bursts causing blood to spill into the brain. A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a form of stroke attack which symptoms and signs get resolve within 24 hours.This discussion highlights that  Stroke attack leads to mainly limi tations in the functionalities of its victim. These can be in the form of motor skills, cognitive deformities, sensory skills as well as emotional issues. Motor skill can include the inability of the stroke victim to move from one place to another.  The memory and sensory levels of the victim are also impaired. These victims need continuous support and care from the people. The stroke victims face problems with their physical and cognitive and sensory skills.

Cryptosporidium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cryptosporidium - Essay Example The division of the organism occurs rapidly with 12-14 hours being the time taken for one generation. This rapid division results in large accumulation of the organism within the intestinal tract of the hosts beginning with the ileum and followed by infection of the duodenum and the large intestine. In case of individuals with a suppressed immune system the organism can also colonize in the stomach, biliary and pancreatic ducts and respiratory tracts. The major clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis are watery diarrhea, loss of weight and cramping of the abdominal region, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and headache. Individual can also have a low-grade fever during the infection stage. In addition, immunocompressed individuals can also suffer from electrolyte imbalance. The time taken for the oocytes to be shed in the feces is about 4 days and they can be shed in the feces for 6-12 days in case of healthy individuals and for a longer period in immunicompressed people (Aquatic pathogens). In the case of healthy individuals, the organism will generally disappear within a month of infection. In case there is severe diarrhea and dehydration anti-diarrheal drugs and rehydration therapy is given to patients. The treatment regimen for immunocompressed individuals could be more elaborate especially when the infection becomes chronic resulting in chronic diarrhea, dehydration, wasting and even death (Aquatic pathogens). As the diease is principally a water-borne disease, the parasite can exist in untreated water which is contaminated with the feces or other sources containing the organism. Proper water treatment methods undertaken by municipal and public water carriers can help to disinfect the water and kill the organism. As the organism is resistant to chlorine treatment, the watersheds can be protected through hygienic maintenance and proper coagulation and filtration methods. Use of ozone or UV radiations for water treatment can also provide additional